Summary:
This paper proposes a novel adaptive Super-Twisting control algorithm for grid-following inverters, with a particular focus on meeting the positive-sequence current injection grid codes requirements and addressing negative-sequence current injection to mitigate oscillations under unbalanced operation. The aim is to fulfill the robustness requirements under Low-Voltage Ride-Through scenarios while exhibiting a smooth and rapid performance under steady-state operation conditions. Its response is compared against conventional PI and PR controllers in terms of compliance with grid code requirements and control performance quality in a simulation environment. To evaluate real-world feasibility, real-time simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop testing are used to evaluate its impact on line-protection response.
Keywords: Voltage source converters; Low-voltage ride-through; Negative sequence current injection; Sliding mode control; Adaptive super-twisting; Real-time simulation; Hardware-in-the-loop
JCR-JIF Impact Factor and WoS quartile: 5,300 - Q1 (2025)
DOI reference:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2026.107144
Published on paper: November 2026.
Published on-line: July 2026.
Citation:
J. Gutiérrez-Florensa, A. Ortega, L. Sigrist, J.L. Anderson-Azzano, P.F. Puleston, "Adaptive super-twisting control for grid-following inverter under unbalanced current injection", Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 176, pp. 107144, November 2026. [Online: July 2026] doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2026.107144
